CSS - Pseudo Elements

CSS pseudo-elements are used to add special effects to some selectors. You do not need to use Javascript or any other script to use those effects. A simple syntax of pseudo-element is as follows:

selector:pseudo-element {property: value}

CSS classes can also be used with pseudo-elements:

selector.class:pseudo-element {property: value}

There are following most commonly used pseudo-elements:

Value	Description
:first-line	Use this element to add special styles to the first line of the text in a selector.
:first-letter	Use this element to add special style to the first letter of the text in a selector.
:before	Use this element to insert some content before an element.
:after	Use this element to insert some content after an element.

The :first-line pseudo-element

Following is the example which demonstrates how to use :first-line element to add special effect to the first line of elements in the document .

<style type="text/css"> p:first-line { text-decoration: underline; } p.noline:first-line { text-decoration: none; } </style> <p class="noline"> This line would not have any underline because this belongs to nline class.</p> <p>The first line of this paragraph will be underlined as defined in the CSS rule above. Rest of the lines in this paragraph will remain normal. This example shows how to use :first-line pseduo element to give effect to the first line of any HTML element.</p>

This will produce following black link:

This line would not have any underline because this belongs to nline class. The first line of this paragraph will be underlined as defined in the CSS rule above. Rest of the lines in this paragraph will remain normal. This example shows how to use :first-line pseduo element to give effect to the first lines of any HTML element.

To Become more comfortable - Do Online Practice

The :first-letter pseudo-element

Following is the example which demonstrates how to use :first-letter element to add special effect to the first letter of elements in the document .

<style type="text/css"> p:first-letter { font-size: 3em; text-color:red; } p.normal:first-letter { font-size: 10px; } </style> <p class="normal"> First character of this paragraph will be normal and will have font size 10 px;</p> <p>The first character of this paragraph will be 3em big and in red color as defined in the CSS rule above. Rest of the characters in this paragraph will remain normal. This example shows how to use :first-letter pseduo element to give effect to the first characters of any HTML element.</p>

This will produce following black link:

First character of this paragraph will be normal and will have font size 10 px; The first character of this paragraph will be 3em big and in red color as defined in the CSS rule above. Rest of the characters in this paragraph will remain normal. This example shows how to use :first-letter pseduo element to give effect to the first characters of any HTML element.

To Become more comfortable - Do Online Practice

The :before pseudo-element

Following is the example which demonstrates how to use :before element to add some content before any element .

<style type="text/css"> p:before { content: url(/images/bullet.gif) } </style> <p> This line will be preceded by a bullet.</p> <p> This line will be preceded by a bullet.</p> <p> This line will be preceded by a bullet.</p>

This will produce following black link:

This line will be preceded by a bullet.  This line will be preceded by a bullet.  This line will be preceded by a bullet.

To Become more comfortable - Do Online Practice

The :after pseudo-element

Following is the example which demonstrates how to use :after element to add some content after any element .

<style type="text/css"> p:after { content: url(/images/bullet.gif) } </style> <p> This line will be succeeded by a bullet.</p> <p> This line will be succeeded by a bullet.</p> <p> This line will be succeeded by a bullet.</p>

This will produce following black link:

This line will be succeeded by a bullet. This line will be succeeded by a bullet. This line will be succeeded by a bullet.